A subset of content validity is face validity, where experts are asked their opinion about whether an instrument measures the concept intended. Validity Research for Content Assessments After an assessment has been administered, it is generally useful to conduct research studies on the test results in order to understand whether the assessment functioned as expected. For example, a survey designed to explore depression but which actually measures anxiety would not be considered valid. Content validity: Consult with other experts to refine the measures and to ensure that you’re covering all aspects. Validity is defined as the extent to which a concept is accurately measured in a quantitative study. Content validity was assessed using two approaches to review the scale: (a) a panel of five content experts with professional expertise in postpartum depression, and (b) a focus group of 15 nurses knowledgeable in the field. To establish a method of measurement as valid, you’ll want to use all three validity types. Content validity is the extent to which the elements within a measurement procedure are relevant and representative of the construct that they will be used to measure (Haynes et al., 1995). Establishing content validity is a necessarily initial task in the construction of a new measurement procedure (or revision of an existing one). Content validity is related to face validity, but differs wildly in how it is evaluated. The content validity category determines whether the research instrument is able to cover the content with respect to the variables and tests. If you are looking for documents where you can apply a content validity approach, you should check this section of the article. Similarly, if you are testing your employees to ensure competence for regulatory compliance purposes, or before you let them sell your products, you need to ensure the tests have content validity – that is to say they cover the job skills required. While rigorous research methods can ensure internal validity, external validity, on the other hand, may be limited by these methods. Another term called transferability relates to external validity and refers to a qualitative research design. It is a staple in determining the validity of research findings. In face validity, experts or academicians are subjected to the measuring instrument to determine the intended purpose of the questionnaire. Face validity requires a personal judgment, such as asking participants whether they thought that a test was well constructed and useful. Content validity is the extent to which a measure “covers” the construct of interest. 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