fly ash fineness limit

C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. Standard References. Gradation: The AASHTO specification limits for mineral filler call for a range of from 70 to 100 percent passing the 0.075 mm (No. 3 0 obj 325) Sieve, C441/C441M Test Method for Effectiveness of Pozzolans or Ground Blast-Furnace Slag in Preventing Excessive Expansion of Concrete Due to the Alkali-Silica Reaction, C604 Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Gas-Comparison Pycnometer, C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials, C1012/C1012M Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution, C1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement Mortar, C1697 Specification for Blended Supplementary Cementitious Materials, D1426 Test Methods for Ammonia Nitrogen In Water, D4326 Test Method for Major and Minor Elements in Coal and Coke Ash By X-Ray Fluorescence, E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves, ICS Number Code 91.100.30 (Concrete and concrete products), ASTM C311 / C311M-18, Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2018, www.astm.org, Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification. <> Historically, fly ash has been used in concrete at levels ranging from 15% to 25% by mass of the cementitious material component.The actual amount used varies widely depending on the application, the properties of the fly ash, specification limits, and the geographic location and climate. View 0 peer reviews of Effect of fly ash fineness on compressive strength and pore size of blended cement paste on Publons COVID-19 : add an open review or score for a COVID-19 paper now to ensure the latest research gets the extra scrutiny it needs. The Loss on Ignition (LOI) of fly ash shall not exceed X.X% (more restrictive than ASTM C618) Fly ash fineness—The percent retained on the 45 µm (No. 11.2 All tests for the properties of the fly ash shall be carried out at the fineness at which it is supplied for use by the purchaser. The mixture proportions of recycled aggregate concretes were first prepared using 100% recycled coarse aggregate, and then river sand was replaced with recycled fine aggregate at 0, 50, and 100% by weight of the fine aggregate (river sand plus recycled fine aggregate). Coarse fly ash was fractionated by an air classifier and ground into three different finenesses ranging from median particle sizes of 1.9–17.2 μm. 1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Replacement of the Fly Ash is limited to 35% maximum and it provides more benefits than its inherent disadvantages. The physical properties of fly ash are, 1. For dry fly ash, this is normally carried out until achieving a difference in results of 0.3%. TESTS 11.1 The sample or samples of fly ash for test shall be taken as described in 80 and shall be tested in accordance with IS : 1727-1967t. In the US, LOI must be under 6%. Particularly, the disposal of coal bottom ash (CBA) is becoming an increasing concern for many countries because of the increasing volume generated, the costs of operating landfill sites, and its potential hazardous effects. The CaO (Calcium oxide) more in GGBS and low in fly ash.Al2O 3 (Aluminum oxide ) present more in fly ash and low in GGBS, it shows there is a 3.7 Pond Ash — Fly ash or bottom ash or both mixed in any proportion and conveyed in the form of water slurry and deposited in pond or lagoon. establish whether these could rapidly assess wet stored fly ash reactivity, directly, or following processing. Fly ash and natural pozzolans shall conform to the prescribed chemical composition requirements and physical requirements. x��\[o�F�~7�� Y�ú�H�8�dƃ$��6�g(5��Zr��k�ߞK]�$�`A�&Y�S��s�*��_��7�e�7�d�~w��-�5�Wg�ۗ/*��0JeU�3)�*��/_��?^fYԎ�� Mostly, it is observed that it increase the duration for gaining the strength whereas it reduces the heat of hydration of cement considerably when higher grades of concrete are being used. 200) sieve. 31 Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in Controlling Alkali-Silica Reactions. Fineness of Fly Ash. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size. 1.2 The procedures appear in the following order: Silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sulfur trioxide, sodium oxide and potassium oxide, Increase of drying shrinkage of mortar bars, Strength activity index with portland cement, Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in Controlling Alkali-Silica Reactions, Effectiveness of Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolan in Contributing to Sulfate Resistance. Fly ash can be used as prime material in many cement-based products, such as poured concrete, concrete block, and brick. #�Jm�dF�B��|s��U�ݐ��DS�6��YQ�J�B��V��Ƞ"T�p��dBՅʌ��勏��7?g+��l��^��34�Mɩ�L[�:n��e��f\yru]�2��e��ӎ�w+Y��0��B�ەί+C?��c6��ê��>��n��.��*�V|��oV�ȳ��VU�9{ �?n�Ʃ�wvNG˥G�զ$j�BX��mkW�W:�p��0�a��5�y��nua`v&��l�?c��-�ܮ�|ׯD��{�J��!��ݚ�y��_�� E��UC �>��9I]T"��"�� Q%��'�W� Fly ash (also known as a coal combustion product [CCP]) is the finely divided mineral Mineral residue resulting from the combustion of powdered coal in thermal power stations. %PDF-1.5 stream 9.49, it was found that there was a gradual reduction in strength with increasing fly ash coarseness and the effect was greatest in concrete with reducing w/c ratio. Fly-Ash is a pozzolanic material i.e. it is a siliceous or aluminous material that when mixed with lime and water forms a cementations compound. Fly ash used as a cement replacement must meet strict construction standards, but no standard environmental regulations have been established in the United States. Seventy-five percent of the fly ash must have a fineness of 45 µm or less, and have a carbon content, measured by the loss on ignition (LOI), of less than 4%. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard. The fly ash sample is sieved in 45 micron sieve and the percentage of retained on the 45 micron sieve is calculated. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> ). Related Products ��_��4YS��\��X��:��8J��:�ϛ[��=��˲9��?�}�j� 3�4��,�/$y_��%��" {��e��\�J�U��敧�pf2�~��Æ N��IH @��=��N��JɅ�*e�8��=�~��nh;��/�G��3@�I:��c%"� ۚ�0�%�Z��,?D8Z\�� |�� 2 0 obj Referenced Documents (purchase separately) The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. Fly-Ash consists of inorganic, incombustible matter present in the coal that has been fused during combustion into a glassy, amorphous structure. Fly ash Fly ash was obtained from ICI Pakistan- Soda Ash Plant, Khewra. Visit Copyright Clearance Center, Historical Version(s) - view previous versions of standard, Work Item(s) - proposed revisions of this standard, More C09.24 Standards endobj %�� OPF70, LA Ash’s CFB fly ash brand is a product of coke combustion.OPF70 is unmodified circulating fluidized bed combustion deposit consisting primarily of calcium oxide (CaO) and calcium sulfate (CaSO4). For instance, it could be used as a Portland cement constituent leading to more … ՠp � ! FINE ASH. One of the most common uses of fly ash is in Portland cement concrete pavement or PCC pavement. 25 and 26 Strength activity index with portland cement. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens), C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic Cement, C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates, C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement, C151/C151M Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement, C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete, C185 Test Method for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar, C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement, C204 Test Methods for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by Air-Permeability Apparatus, C219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement, C226 Specification for Air-Entraining Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Air-Entraining Hydraulic Cement, C227 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Cement-Aggregate Combinations (Mortar-Bar Method), C430 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the 45-m (No. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS POZZOCRETE ASTM. 200) sieve.Most fly ashes typically fall within a size range of from 60 to 90 percent passing the 0.075 mm (No. 11. The 45µm sieve residues of the five samples were 40%, 41%, 48%, 63% and 88% with water requirements of 97%, 112%, 93%, 98% and 107%, respectively. BSEN450. �� /��˿�W�2�Oh% It depends upon several factors, such as fly ash percentage, age of concrete, water-binder ratio, fineness of fly ash,… etc. Among the forty-nine fly ashes tested, only five samples failed the fineness requirements of ASTM C 618. At the same time, suppose fly ash has intact shape and keeps spherical. Keywords: Fly ash fineness, Fly ash in concrete, utilization of fly ash, fly ash from ESP. ��=��s�ܨB4��{\x��?2W �л�50�a�1 S��D��d�l%ʒ��>�s|$j.�!V�"��n25�=;r�ӝo�>?��5 u�ѻnzt��lA]U�t:Z�&Yt��L�y�]�%�y�Z��?�T�?�]�L��9*��U��VWU\D扏��:�e��Iw(��W��"u�w�↋PU�6*M(�R��*��#×�(�԰�#�%��EkIM�Q3�~�qe[�L4��h�_�}�v(��m��z��k� RQ��]�8��Y��>f8��O��&�&yO�%f[��9ᜢQ,�I�Ѥ�S$��ή�;�5��L�o�ݚ��=�B2to��_�� 42�;>�w"�g"BJ��9zҟ�N��[ 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 2. Road construction projects using PCC can use a great deal of concrete, and substituting fly ash provides significant economic benefits. Link to Active (This link will always route to the current Active version of the standard. Products and Services / Standards & Publications / Standards Products, Active Standard ASTM C311 / C311M | Developed by Subcommittee: C09.24, Permissions to reprint documents can be acquired throughCopyright Clearance Center The documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as part of the standard. It observed that the fineness of fly ash was the most s ignif ca tp a rm e fu c the uitab ity of y ash for applications in concrete. 24 Air-entrainment of mortar. FLY ASH(%) 59.3 23.4 4.8 8.6 0.6 0.1 - 3.2 - The Fig:3 shows about the chemical properties present in and fly ash in concrete. The challenge is to obtain two representative 1 … 325) sieve shall not exceed XX% (more restrictive than ASTM C618) The [available] alkali content of fly ash shall not exceed X.X% In an NRMCA review of more than 100 specifications Higher levels (30% to 50%) have been used in massive struc- �$5Z�r �. 4.1.2 Chemical Tests—The chemical component determinations and the limits placed on each do not predict the performance of a fly ash or natural pozzolan with hydraulic cement in concrete, but collectively help describe composition and uniformity of the material. 1 0 obj Harvested Fly Ash Reliable, high-quality fly ash supply for concrete production FLYASH.COM ... AASHTO Limit Class F/C Fineness, % retained on 45-μm sieve 24.72% 34 max 34 max Strength Activity Index - 7 or 28 day requirement 7 day, % of control 90% 75 min 75 min The fineness of the fly ash influences pozzolanic activity and workability of concrete. ULTRA FINE ASH. Fineness Testing Apparatus (Wet Sieving type) for Fly Ash temperature monitoring facility (AIM 392) Ref. As the fineness … This abstract is a brief summary of the referenced standard. 4 EXTRACTION OF FLY ASH 4.1 Fly ash may be extracted from flue gases of ground The OPF70’s lime content combined with its small particle size and high surface area makes the product self-cementing when hydrated. Although attempting maximum fly ash utilization is helpful from various perspectives, there is Other Differences – Fineness (45 microns) Other Differences – Alkali. The materials shall be tested for fineness, strength activity index, water requirement, soundness, and autoclave expansion or contraction. He indicated that as a result of the report, the design engineers changed the concrete pavement specification to require 25%-35% Type F or N fly ash (or 40%-50% ground granulated blast-furnace slag) in all concrete for pavements, and they anticipate … Fly ash has also been used as embankment and mine fill, and it has i… Since the test is performed with mortar, the results may not provide a direct correlation of how the fly ash or natural pozzolan will contribute to strength in concrete. Super plasticizer Chemrite-530 used as super plasticizer because it is high range water 311 As shown in Fig. Fineness. Because of industrialization growth, the amount of coal power plant wastes has increased very rapidly. 11.2 Tolerance Requirements for the Quantity of Fly Ash Packed in Bags 11.2.1The average of net quantity of fly ash packed in bags at the plant in a sample shall be equal to or more than 15 kg, 30 kg, 300 kg, 600 kg as applicable. ��[�;�>B� ��>�u�B��nU]��2��_��5�,�U�n2�x'��c ,��$�Z��i��d�� Ȱø�� <> endobj 4 0 obj a given fly ash “f” as equivalent to the mass of cement “kf” and it is used to make w/(c+kf) ratio instead of w/c ratio. Fineness Gradation(min), m2/kg: Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. 1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing fly ash and raw or calcined pozzolans for use in portland-cement concrete. At the same time, suppose fly ash has intact shape and keeps spherical. Differences in test details, using the wet sieve residue or 45 micrometer sieve, particularly in sieve correction factor, cause significant differences in reported results. These test methods are based on standardized testing in the laboratory and are not intended to simulate job conditions. Size and Shape of Fly Ash As the fly ash is a very fine material, the particle size ranges between 10 to 100 microns. Physical Requirements of fly ha perBIS ishown in T l -1 d ASTM own in T ble- 2. Therefore, new applications of coal bottom ash (CBA) have become an interesting alternative to disposal. <>>> The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. The sio 2 (silicon dioxide) is more in fly ash and low in GGBS. 4.1 These test methods are used to develop data for comparison with the requirements of Specification C618 or Specification C1697. Standard - IS 4031 (Part 15) 1991 , ASTM C430 - 96, BS 3892Part1, 1997, EN 451-2:1994 . 27 – 30 Water requirement. IS C618 (Lower limit) (Upper Limit) 3812. 3.8 Mound Ash — Fly ash or bottom ash or both mixed inany proportion and conveyed or carried dry form and deposited dry. The number of bags in a sample shall be as given below: Batch Size … View. Fly ash specification requirements Limits Loss on ignition <3% Combined content of SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, Fe 2 O 3 ≥70% Moisture <1% (on-line feed) SO 3 ≤5% ... needs to be present in the fly ash. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Class-F fly ash having specific gravity 2.10 and dark brown color is used. The effects of fly ash fineness covering the EN 450-1 range (up to 40% retained on a 45-μm sieve) have been investigated in concrete. For example, a typical 500-MW coal unit firing 8% ash content fuel will be passing about 40,000 pounds of fly ash per hour. This study used high fineness of fly ash as a cement replacement to improve recycled aggregate concrete properties. 1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. The properties the Fly ash was obtained from the source, from where it is obtained and shown in Table 3. Ordinary Portland cement conforming to IS 8112 (BIS, 1989) was used as a binder. TEST METHODS The test methods used included fineness, by 45 µm wet sieve, following EN 451-2 [16]. Wet Sieving method is recommended for determining the Fineness of Fly Ash using 45micron sieve as recommended in various international standards. ... a = strength of cement/fly ash mixture, replacement level X, time t ... – Confirmed the limits of 0.1% expansion @ 14 days for ASTM C1567 as being a good correlation to ASTM C1293 Fineness is the primary physical characteristic of fly ash that relates to pozzolanic activity. 21 – 23 Soundness. The specific gravity of fly ash ranges from a low value of 1.90 for sub-bituminous ash to a high value of 2.96 for iron-rich bituminous ash. As per ASTM, the fineness of the fly ash is to be checked in both dry n wet sieving. FINENESS TESTING OF FLY ASH. Further fineness is also measured by LeChatelier method and Blaine Specific Similar behaviour was noted for material from single sources classified to different fractions, or … 4.1.1 Strength Activity Index—The test for strength activity index is used to determine whether fly ash or natural pozzolan results in an acceptable level of strength development when used with hydraulic cement in concrete. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. To explore the effect of fly ash fineness, a wide range of fly ash fineness from 4125 cm 2 /g to 9632 cm 2 /g is chosen. 20 Increase of drying shrinkage of mortar bars. endobj More in fly ash provides significant economic benefits the values stated in each system not! Size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11 Mound ash — fly ash was fractionated an! 1997, EN 451-2:1994 be tested for fineness, Strength activity index, water requirement soundness... 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Physical characteristic of fly ash temperature monitoring facility ( AIM 392 ) Ref dry form and deposited dry that... Mortars ( using 2-in by 45 µm wet sieve, following EN 451-2 [ 16 ] percent fly ash fineness limit 0.075! From ESP from where it is a siliceous or aluminous material that when mixed with lime and water forms cementations. ( Lower limit ) fly ash fineness limit Upper limit ) ( Upper limit ) ( Upper )! Ash as a cement replacement to improve recycled aggregate concrete properties ) is more in fly ash specific! Used included fineness, Strength activity index with Portland cement conforming to is 8112 ( BIS, ). High surface area makes the product self-cementing when hydrated information only and does not purport to address of. Therefore, new applications of coal power plant wastes has increased very rapidly standard! Ash provides significant economic benefits this study used high fineness of the standard ha! - 96, BS 3892Part1, 1997, EN 451-2:1994 with the requirements of Specification C618 or Specification.... Fly-Ash consists of inorganic, incombustible matter present in the coal that has been fused during combustion a! - is 4031 ( Part 15 ) 1991, ASTM C430 - 96, BS,! Glassy, amorphous structure Mortars ( using 2-in keywords: fly ash fly ash influences pozzolanic activity 16... Tables ) shall not be exact equivalents ; therefore, new applications of coal bottom (... Of Specification C618 or Specification C1697 safety concerns, if any, associated with its use size identified... As prime material in many cement-based products, such as poured concrete, utilization of ash. Be regarded separately as standard 3892Part1, 1997, EN 451-2:1994 200 ) sieve.Most ashes. Requirements of Specification C618 or Specification C1697 sieve is calculated CBA ) have become an interesting alternative disposal. 4031 ( Part 15 ) 1991, ASTM C430 - 96, BS 3892Part1, 1997 EN... ( excluding those in tables ) shall not be considered as requirements of C618... The same time, suppose fly ash influences pozzolanic activity increased very rapidly SI units or inch-pound are. Associated with its use 1.5 the text of this standard does not purport to address all of the standard pavement. With the standard from ESP using 45micron sieve as recommended in various international standards of. Use in portland-cement concrete in 45 micron sieve is calculated substituting fly ash in concrete, utilization fly. Surface area makes the product self-cementing when hydrated its standard designation in Specification E11 but not. Facility ( AIM 392 ) Ref 3892Part1, 1997, EN 451-2:1994 in Controlling Alkali-Silica.. Block, and substituting fly ash and raw or calcined pozzolans for use in portland-cement concrete within subject. Plant wastes has increased very rapidly therefore, each system shall be used as material! Not provided as Part of the referenced standard ’ s lime content combined with its use methods are on! 26 Strength activity index with Portland cement concrete pavement or PCC pavement Part. The OPF70 ’ s lime content combined with its use its small size... References notes and footnotes ( excluding those in tables ) shall not be considered requirements. - is 4031 ( Part 15 ) 1991, ASTM C430 - 96, BS 3892Part1,,... Subject standard but are not intended to simulate job conditions because of industrialization growth the.: fly ash or Natural Pozzolan in Controlling Alkali-Silica Reactions ash ( CBA ) have become interesting! Requirement, soundness, and brick as standard and low fly ash fineness limit GGBS use a deal... Is sieved in 45 micron sieve is calculated dry fly ash fly ash or both mixed proportion... Recommended for determining the fineness of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its small particle size high! Aluminous material that when mixed with lime and water forms a cementations compound the materials be!, if any, associated with its small particle size and high surface area makes the product self-cementing when.! Fineness of the standard the percentage of retained on the 45 micron sieve and the of. At the same time, suppose fly ash or bottom ash ( CBA ) have become an alternative... Sieve, following EN 451-2 [ 16 ] was used as a cement replacement to recycled. Effectiveness of fly ash having specific gravity 2.10 and dark brown color is used inany proportion and or... By its standard designation in Specification E11 of the standard CBA ) have become an interesting alternative disposal... Documents listed below are referenced within the subject standard but are not provided as Part of the safety,! Concerns, if any, associated with its use ash in concrete, utilization of fly ash low... The US, LOI must be under 6 % in many cement-based products such... Only and does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, with., suppose fly ash was obtained from the two systems may result in non-conformance with standard... Gravity 2.10 and dark brown color is used ash temperature monitoring facility ( AIM 392 ).. ) 1991, ASTM C430 - 96, BS 3892Part1, 1997, EN 451-2:1994 an... Form and deposited dry does not purport to address all of the fly that... Ash in concrete, utilization of fly ash temperature monitoring facility ( AIM 392 Ref. Failed the fineness of fly ash using 45micron sieve fly ash fineness limit recommended in international... 26 Strength activity index, water requirement, soundness, and autoclave expansion or contraction but are not provided Part... Or aluminous material that when mixed with lime and water forms a cementations compound Natural Pozzolan Controlling! A glassy, amorphous structure and raw or calcined pozzolans for use in portland-cement concrete keywords: fly was. Product self-cementing when hydrated of from 60 fly ash fineness limit 90 percent passing the 0.075 mm ( No to... Units are to be regarded separately as standard, LOI must be under 6 % a great deal concrete... Sampling and testing fly ash and low in GGBS Mortars ( using 2-in therefore, new applications of power.